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“The probability of being employed in people with HIV shows significant differences by gender, according to the route of transmission of the disease, health status and educational level,” he told SINC Juan Oliva, lead study author and researcher UCLM.

This analysis, whose findings were published last year in the journal Health Economics, used to determine the probability that an infected person has or does not work in Spain.

“Gender is a statistically significant variable to predict employment status. In this sense, women are 13.4% less likely than men to be employed, “said Oliva.

“The psychological factor is also a fundamental variable. People who need to receive counseling about the impact of knowing their disease has affected their chances of employment, “said the expert. According to the study, the probability decreases by 14% in people who require such treatment.

The results also suggest that individuals who were infected through injecting drug use (IDU) are significantly less likely to get a job that people who contracted the disease by other means.

Defense level of individuals is another significant variable. “The results indicate that a person with a high defense level is 25% more likely to be unemployed,” says the researcher. On the other hand, patients newly diagnosed with HIV (in the 12 months preceding the survey) had 11.2% more likely to work than patients who were diagnosed before.

The importance of surveys

The work is based on data from the Hospital for patients with HIV / AIDS that takes place periodically since 1996 and was provided by the Ministry of Health and Social Policy in order to conduct this research. This survey includes since 2001 a question on the labor participation of people living with HIV.

“From that year until 2004 to collect data from 3376 individuals aged 16 years (minimum age to work in Spain) and 64 (the statutory retirement age is 65)”, explains the researcher.

“Policies to improve employment conditions and welfare of people with HIV should not be limited only to labor, not just the health sector. The long-term measures to support HIV-positive people should be cross and contemplate the dimensions of health, work and social life “, concludes Oliva.

According to the latest hospital survey, 48.3% of people living with HIV in Spain were employed in 2009.

Of these workers, 5.9% of doctors were self-employed as a main job to December 31, 2009, while 90.2% worked as employees.

INE data also indicate that 58.6% of the doctors performing research in 2009 and 63.6% had a job considered “highly related to their doctoral studies.”

As regards the minimum level of education required for the position occupied by doctors in 42.8% of the cases was a doctorate and a bachelor’s degree 40.3%.

Doctors of Engineering and Technology least have a job soon

For doctors who worked in a job related to his PhD once it was over and before January 2010, the average time to find such employment was six months.

Doctorates in Engineering and Technology were less than (five months) and the humanities the most (nine months).

Doctors of the total employed workers, eight of 10 available permanent contract and the remaining two temporary contracts. For its part, 94.9% were employed full time and part-time 5.1%.

One in three has a doctorate in the field of Natural Sciences

Natural science is the field of study that has a degree greater number of individuals between 1990 and 2009, with 33.3% of the total. It is followed by Medical Sciences and Social Sciences, with percentages of 20.9% and 20.1% respectively. By contrast, the Agricultural Sciences doctors are the least concentrated, with 3.0% of the total.

34.1% of the doctors has been mainly financed their doctoral studies through scholarships. Four in 10 worked to finance his doctorate.

Also, 55.5% of individuals who have obtained their PhD in a Spanish university between 1990 and 2009 are male and 45.5% women. The number of doctors are men than women for all age categories, except children under 35.

34.1% of doctors have paid their estudiospor through scholarships

Spanish Public Administration has paid 34.1% of scholarships for doctors. On the other hand, 22.9% have worked as a professor or research assistant, while 17.1% had to perform another job to finance their studies.

The average duration from start PhD courses until you get a doctorate degree is 5.9 years. Of all doctorates between 1990 and 2009, children under 35 were the least time invested, with a mean of 4.6 years. By contrast, people in the age bracket of 65-69 years needed an average of 11.2 years.

The mean age at doctorate of people who have earned a doctoral degree between 1990 and 2009 stood at 34 years (35 for males and 33 for women).

Most valued characteristics of the labor situation

Job security and location are the characteristics most valued by doctors in relation to their employment status. 67.1% and 64.5% of them respectively, these two factors have been identified as “very satisfactory.”

For its part, 11.9% have shown “not satisfied” with the economic benefits and 9.8% with opportunities for promotion.

21.2% of doctors has gone to live outside of Spain between 2000 and 2009. Of these, 58.6% said that the main reason to have gone abroad due to academic factors, such as increased possibility of publications, development or continuity of the dissertation.

In turn, 12.5% of the doctors who were in Spain at December 31, 2009 was scheduled to go out of our country. The main reason mentioned for that decision was for academic factors (for 71.0% of them).

For its part, the main reasons that led doctors to return to Spain during the period 2000-2009 were personal or family factors (37.7%) and other factors related to employment or economic (29.2%) .