However, only the town employees are qualified to apply for the loan, as they are based payday loans. This means that you would be showing his monthly salary and a roster may be required to be sent by fax to the lenders, if requested to do so. You may also be required to provide a post dated check to the lender to borrow the loan against.

The amount of the loan in best payday loans between ?1500 ?100 to the approval of 14 days. However, payment can make on your next payday. If you can not make timely payment, then you have the option to extend the loan for three months, although not recommended because interest payments.

Even if there are any bad credit marks on your credit report, suppliers of 3 months payday loans immediately approve the loan without credit check once you prove your salary.

However, as you can compare lenders on the internet. Generally, loans, these are costly for employees. Are the holder an interest payment on a given lot smaller. But you can settle for an offer of 3 months payday loans that occurs in competitive interest rates and expenses. This will allow less expensive to pay the loan and gets out of the back payments as well. Therefore, compare the deals online and see which one suits you best. Do not stretch the repayment of more weeks, as it involves costly penalties and interest payments.

Compared with the figures in July, the problem of unemployment experienced a rise of two points and so does the number of people (70.8% in September) they believe the economic situation is “bad” or very bad. “Only 24% of the public appreciates that the situation will improve in the next twelve months.

The evolution of the economic situation within a year experienced a more optimistic. 24.2% of the population thinks it will improve, compared to 22.8% that they promised before the summer.

The protection of network data

In the surveys received, it is assessed that the privacy of online data has a low security level. 40% of respondents said that does not give any assurance to bank online, and give the card to make a purchase on the network (51.4%).

More than two thirds of the population ensures that any institution or similar to what is not aware of giving their personal data, has called on the phone or sent an SMS for advertising.

47% sure you never consent to fill out forms when you ask where your personal information so you can dispose of and 52% of those who said they had requested to cancel their data they found it “difficult” or ” very difficult “to do so.

On the other hand, 35.6% never read the privacy policies of the pages you visit and 46.3% do not know of the existence of the Data Protection Agency.

To obtain the results of the survey have been conducted 2475 interviews in 239 municipalities and 49 provinces other than between 4 and 14 September.

Responsible for 84% of the increase in housing prices during the boom was the price of land, compared to rising prices of the building that represented only 16%. The Basque Country is the region where the expensive price of land has more impact on the price of housing with 91% of the total, said Ezequiel Uriel, director of the report.

The autonomous communities that offer the greatest capital stock of housing with 53% in Spain in 2007 were Catalonia (993,395,000), Comunidad de Madrid (928,782,000) and Andalusia (771,522,000). On the other hand, Andalucía, Ceuta and Melilla are the regions where it has increased the value of housing between 1998 and 2007.

During the period that has lasted the housing bubble, housing prices have grown at an average annual rate of 12% as did the CPI to 2.9% annually. The most populated municipalities (more than 100 000 inhabitants) and the coastal present higher prices.

The Community of Madrid is the region with the 2007 housing price per square meter high (3,221 per m2) and the lowest price we found in Extremadura to 887 per m2).

Francisco Perez, director of the Ivie, wanted to point out that “have to analyze the consequences of a housing bubble of this magnitude has had on the growth pattern and learn from it, since the rate of housing production has led to a surplus and now must adjust. “Both experts agree that the housing boom could happen again but do not venture to predict when.

All data in this study appear in the monograph “The capital stock of housing in Spain and its geographical distribution (1900-2007), directed by Ezequiel Uriel, a professor at the University of Valencia and Ivie researcher and conducted in collaboration with Carlos Albert, Eva and Vincent Benages Cucarella, Ivie technicians.

The U.S. also Oliver Williamson, a professor at the University of California at Berkeley, was honored for his theories “that indicate that large corporations are, first, because they are efficient,” and for “his analysis of political governance, especially in regarding the limits of the company, “ie, how some of the economic measures are decided in other markets and within firms.

Ostrom was born in Los Angeles in 1933 and is a lecturer in political science from the University of California. He also founded and directed the Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity at the University of Arizona. This research bases its work on the analysis of public property management, whose work has challenged the conventional wisdom that common property is managed poorly and should be regulated by central authorities or be privatized.

For his part, Oliver Williamson received his doctorate in economics in 1963 at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, and professor at the University of Berkeley (California). The Economist has discovered in his work that markets and hierarchical organizations represent corporate governance structures that differ in their approaches towards the resolution of conflicts of interest.

The two winners will share equally the officially known as Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences and endowed with 10 million kronor (1.4 million U.S. dollars).

The Nobel Prize in Economics was instituted by the Bank of Sweden in 1969 and is the only award not established left Alfred Nobel in his will. Last year the award went to U.S. researcher and broadcaster Paul Krugman. This is the last of six Nobel announced this year.

“Most of the world’s fisheries are not and never will be managed by strong central governments with hierarchical rules and means to enforce them,” said the Uruguayan Nicolas Gutierrez, PhD of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington (USA ) and author of the paper published by Nature this week.

“Our findings show that many fisheries around the world co-managed by communities are well managed under limited central government structures, provided that fishing communities be involved proactively. Community-based co-management is the only realistic solution for most of the world’s fisheries, and is an effective way to conserve water resources and livelihoods of communities dependent on them, “says the researcher.

Mayors and fishing agreements

With this management system the responsibility of the resources are shared between the government and users. On a smaller scale, this may mean that mayors and fishermen from different nations to agree to avoid fishing in each other’s waters.

Examples of larger scale includes the most valuable fisheries of Chile, a mollusc called “crazy” and also known as abalone from Chile. It began growing in 1988 one local fishermen cooperative along a stretch of coast of 4 km, and which today extends an administration area 700 with 20,000 fishermen along 4,000 km of coastline.

Although there are individual case studies co-managed fisheries, this new work uses data from 130 fisheries in 44 developed and developing, and includes items such as marine and freshwater, and various fishing gears and target species.

The statistical analysis shows that co-management often fails unless it has key elements: the presence of prominent leaders in the community and social cohesion, ensuring clear incentives for fishermen, for example, the amount that can capture or area in which to fish, and protected areas, especially when combined with a regulated harvest within or outside the area and when the proposed protected area is controlled by local communities.

“Our results show that additional resources should be allocated to efforts to identify community leaders and build social capital, not just to impose administrative tactics to exclude users,” said Gutierrez.

The Nobel Ostrom was right

The new study confirms the theories of Elinor Ostrom, who won the Nobel Prize in Economics in 2009 for defying the conventional wisdom that common property is always given as deficient and should be regulated by central authorities or privatized. According to Ostrom, resource users often develop sophisticated mechanisms for decision making and implementation of rules for handling conflicts of interest.

“Elinor Ostrom was right,” says Omar Defeo, a professor at the University of Uruguay, scientific coordinator of the national fisheries administration and co-author Uruguay. “With community-based co-management, fishers are able to self-organize, maintain their resources and achieve sustainable fisheries.”

After reading the article before posting, Ostrom said the work was “fabulous” and said: “It was very exciting to see the findings on the cohesion of the community based on norms, trust, communication, commitment and respect for leaders as the most important attributes that lead to a fisheries co-management success. ”

For the study met Gutiérrez scientific information, government reports and non-governmental organizations, as well as personal interviews with 130 co-managed fisheries. The eight attributes evaluated, ranging from community empowerment towards sustainable catch up to increases in the abundance of fish and prices of what was caught.

The best fishing

With 40% of the fisheries with positive score at 6, 7 or 8 attributes, and another 25% scored positively in 4 or 5, the co-authors argue that community-based co-management “is a great promise for success and sustainability fisheries around the world. ”

Ray Hilborn, Professor of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington and coauthor of the study, participated in another Science article in 2009 in which it was noted that many major industrial fisheries and fisheries ecosystems are increasingly sustainable.

“This new study illustrates the potential for growth in the world to manage sustainable fisheries and appropriate tools for industrial fisheries in countries with strong central governments are very different from those with small-scale fishing or without such strong central government” said the expert.

This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, Ecology Program Fulbright / OAS (Organization of American States) and the Pew Charitable Trusts.

The paper analyzes the labor mobility and “losses relative” of wages when the individual passes the idle-state workers not actively seeking work or have use for it-or unemployment in Spain, Italy, Portugal, United Kingdom, France and Germany for seven consecutive years (1995-2001), from data collected in the Panel Survey Household Panel (ECHP).

“We wanted to know the effect on wages in unemployment and inactivity, and see if the selected countries were grouped according to level of impact on remuneration. To this end, we took into account the different labor market institutions and social protection systems that exist in each country, “said Garcia Serrano.

The results, published in Manchester School, show that the countries studied are divided into three groups. The first one is formed by Germany and France, countries representative “of protective institutions, ie, following a more proactive model of social security or to the job.

For its part, Spain, Italy and Portugal, have a similar preventive policy but “weaker” and differences in the system of collective bargaining and active labor market policies work. And finally, the United Kingdom has the most flexible and lowest unemployment protection.

“We expected that the impact of inactivity and unemployment was higher in countries like France and Germany, but it was not. Only in the case of inaction, France, Germany and Portugal are at the forefront of negative impact on wages in the later work, “says the researcher.

A temporary phenomenon

But not all negative data: periods of relative wage losses after unemployment are not permanent. “In workers who have moved from job due to a recent period of unemployment, wage figures are 4.5% lower in Spain, Italy 5.6% and 7% in Portugal compared to those have remained in occupation, but his recovery is quick as they disappear after one year, “he stresses.

Younger workers have the highest wage increases in every country (especially if they move voluntarily). However, individuals between 31 and 45 years are most affected by periods of unemployment on wages later and they are more permanent effects.